Classify: The Compotion Of Matter in Chemistry

PARTICLE DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIAL / SUBSTANCE 

In the universe is surrounded by many chemical compounds. For example when we breathe, we will release CO2 and others. Atom  is The smallest unit of matter consisting of a nucleus, which contains protons (payload +) and neutrons (neutral), and skin that contain negative charges, namely electrons. Some say that the atom is an element constituent particles.
Both of these issues in all right. What is certain is that the atom

• got protons, neutrons, electrons, (except H (Hydrogen), which has no neutrons) 
• has certain characteristics, namely the number of protons and electrons have the same (if unequal called ions) 
• atom2 which has the same characteristics called elements, 

The molecule is A combination of a few atoms of the element, it can be two or more. This means that when speaking molecule is then envisaged a combined atom2 (instead of 1 atom). Molecule is the smallest particle of an element / compound

• If an aggregate of atoms of the same type as it is called Molecular Elements, for example: O2, H2, O3, S8 
• If an aggregate of atoms of different elements kind then called Molecule Compounds, for example: H2O, CO2, C2H5

Ion is the electrically charged atoms, called ions electrically charged cations and negatively charged ions are called anions. Cations and anions can be either a single ion consists of only one type of atom or can also be polyatomic ions containing two or more different atoms.

 TYPES OF MATERIAL / SUBSTANCE

        Matter is a term used for everything having mass and volume. In this unit we will deal with types of matters. Pure substance, elements, compounds, mixtures are subjects of this unit.

Matter can be classified either as pure substance or a mixture.  An element is a substance made up of only one kind of atom. It cannot be transformed into a simpler substance. A compound is a substance composedof two or more kinds of atoms combined in definite proportions by weight. They can bedecomposed in the elements or into simpler compounds.
Pure Matter: Contain only one type of matter and cannot be separated physically. There are two pure matters, elements and compounds. Iron, alcohol, salt are examples of pure matters. Example: Pure water alwayshas the exact same chemicaland physical propertiesunder the same conditions. Properties of  Pure Matters: 

• They are homogeneous.

• They have specific physical properties like boiling point, density or freezing point.

• Temperature during phase change is constant

       Now we explain pure substances one by one. Pure substances can also be divided into 2 categories: elements and compounds .

Elements:  simplest pure substances made of only one type of atom. Cannot be separated by any physical OR chemical process. Examples: Carbon (C), Helium (H), Gold (Au), etc.

Compounds: Two or more than two elements come together in specific amounts and form new matter that we call compound. Properties of compounds are totally different from elements comprising it. We show compounds with formulas like water H₂O. Ions or molecules can produce compounds.  Examples :

H₂O, CuSO₄, Salt "NaCl", Ammonia "NH₃", Iron III Oxide "Fe₂O₃", etc.

Properties of Compounds:

• All compounds are pure substances
• Smallest particle of compound is molecule including different types of atoms.

Mixture: Different two or more than two types of matter (element, molecule, compound) are mixed to get mixture. All matters forming mixture keep their original properties. They are not pure matters. We can explain mixtures under two titles, homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.

• Homogeneous Mixtures: All parts of mixture show same properties in homogeneous mixtures. We can call homogeneous mixtures as solutions. Coke, sea water, natural gas, Salt water, sugar water, air are examples of homogeneous mixtures.
• Heterogeneous Mixtures: Mixtures do not show same uniformity in all parts of it. In this types of mixtures, you can see different phases of matters. Water+Sand, milk, blood, soil are some common examples of heterogeneous mixtures.

1. Emulsion: Heterogeneous mixture including two different liquids. For example, oil-water, gasoline-water are emulsion examples.
2. Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture produced by one solid and one liquid matter.Sand-water, naphthalene-water are examples of suspension.
3. Colloids: are heterogeneous mixture type. Solute matters are homogeneously distributed in  solvent however; we can see particles of solute with naked eye or microscope in colloids but, in solutions we can not see particles with microscope. Thus; colloids are assumed to be heterogeneous mixture.

Differences between Compounds and Mixtures

1. Ratio between matters forming compound is constant but ratio between matters forming mixture is variable.
2. Matters forming compounds loose their properties but matters forming mixtures preserve their properties.
3. We can decompose compounds with chemical methods but decompose mixtures with physical methods.

The following table the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures

Elements	Compound	Mixed
Composed of a single type of atom.	Composed of two or more types of chemical elements..	Composed of two or more elements / compounds in physics.
Can not be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reaction.	Mass ratio of constituent elements always remain.	Can be separated into its constituent substances in physics.
	Vary with the nature of its constituent elements.	Mass ratio of the constituent substances are not fixed.
	Can be decomposed into constituent elements by ordinary chemical reaction.	Same nature with the nature of the constituent substances.